Refugee Blues Essay Example for Free

Refugee Blues Essay The speaker is talking to someone My dear (perhaps his wife), the language and tone is very conversational. Each stanza intensifies the situation in the poem. The first stanza brings out that the refugees are homeless. Though there are millions in the city all of whom have some kind of home but the refugees have nowhere to go. In stanza 2, the couple cannot stay in their country. It compares two living people with the old yew tree. Officially dead means you cannot make passport. This section tells us how the refugees are trying to get help. The refugees cannot leave the country due to lack of passport and hence they are described as officially dead, though they are indeed alive. The refugees are treated coldly by the committee and council. They are politely pushed aside but no real help is offered. At the public meeting the speaker demonises the refugees as thieves. This is made to incite ordinary people to hate Jews. A metaphorical storm breaks over the whole of Europe continent as hitler sentences them to death. The tone of the final stanza is very bitter. The comparisons that the poet uses are testimony to these; Pet animals are treated better then Jews. eg: saw a Door opened and a cat let in; Fish are free and Birds are free, Poet blames nazi regime for creating an environment in which natural things act far much better than humans. The poet further uses cruel contrast. For e. g. : he has a dream of a huge building with many rooms for everybody except Jews. In the final stanza the poet enlightens a brightening future for the Jews but now Jews are hunted down by 1000s of people.

tellectual Life of the Painters of the Early Renaissance :: History

Intellectual Life of the Painters of the Early Renaissance Before attempting to answer the question it is important to consider what we mean by ‘early Italian Renaissance. Unlike many periods in history the Renaissance has no obvious start and end dates, for the purposes of this assignment I will define the approximate period within which to look as about 1390 to about 1520. 1390 represents the time when the Carrara court in Padua was gaining an intellectual reputation of excellence, as well as this being about the time that two Roman coin like medals were cast of Francesco II and his father. This represents a typically renaissance trait of looking to antiquities for inspiration, as will be discussed later. The time around 1520 represents when Raphael died this was followed closely by the death of Pope Leo X, the second High Renaissance pope. It is after their deaths that the creative and optimistic mood in Italy began to fade. The decade ending 1520 saw Leonardo da Vinci leaving for France and then dieing there in 1519. There are many other examples that could confirm these dates as significant, and also many more that would dispute them, but for the purposes of simplicity we will take these as a guide. In the beginnings of the Renaissance painting was seen very much as a craft performed by members of the artisan class and not a ‘liberal art’. In fact the term artist was not used, as it is today, as a general term meaning painter and sculptor. ‘Artista’ was a term already in use by Dante, but it was used in reference to a University level graduate of the ‘liberal arts’, it is not until the beginning of the sixteenth century that it is used in a context resembling today's usage. The lower status of painting at the beginning of the Renaissance is reflected in the fact that members of the aristocracy or learned class did not generally practice it. A member of the Milanese aristocracy, Giovanni Antonio Boltraffio’s epitaph stressed that although he was a painter, he was an amateur, because if it were thought that he made his living from painting it would significantly lower his social status. It is for this reason that few people in the early Renaissance would see painting as a method of social advancement or to demonstrate intellectual ability. This did not however stop many

How does Mackay express his feelings for the two cultures he belongs to?

Claude Mckay was brought up in Jamaica and moved in the to New York in the 1930s. This was during America's post-economical depression, which meant getting enough money or getting enough money was a very big struggle. It was even a bigger struggle for him to get a good job as an immigrant worker, so he had to settle for menial jobs. Although there was not formal and legal ‘segregation' between black and white as there was in the South, there were areas for only blacks or only whites and prejudice was rife. Mckay became a political and social activist for human rights. In his poems, he evokes a strong sense of his homeland in order to assert the power of its beauty, to seek comfort in the emotional and spiritual warmth he remembers about the place. I SHALL RETURN The title ‘I shall return' suggests a sense of homesickness and emphasises his determination to go back. The title is a definite statement which may suggest a sense of disappointment or frustration which is reminding him of how beautiful his homeland is. It can also be seen as a promise, as if he was promising himself a reward in order to carry on with life struggle with a purpose. He repeats the same statement, almost as if he was trying to memorize it: â€Å"I shall return to loiter. I shall return to fiddle†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This helps to add a certain flow as the reader reads through the poem. It also makes the statement ‘I shall return' become more alive and more promising to come to pass. It could be seen as him making himself a purpose for carrying on with life. He uses colour to describe the images in his homeland: â€Å"†¦like brown blade†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , â€Å"†¦the forest fires burn wafting their blue-black smoke to sapphire skies†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This allows the images to be physical and easier to picture. He probably used this technique to make the idea of his returning more realistic for him to be able to picture himself there. He stresses on how much he misses his homeland, even its disadvantages by beautifying them: â€Å"†¦at golden noon the forest fires burn wafting†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He uses this to show that his homeland's bad views can be looked upon as exhibitions. This help to promote the idea of his returning even besides the negative aspects. He uses metaphors to describe his feelings for the New York: â€Å"†¦to ease my mind off long, long years of pain†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This technique portrays his feelings for New York in a way the reader can relate to. The structure of the text has a tremendous significance as it echoes the pattern of thoughts and feelings of the writer. It heads the reader to understand the message. The poem is written in a sonnet, which is important as a sonnet consists of two stanzas; an octave and a Sestet. The octave involves talking about the problems being faced, whilst the Sestet is about finding a solution to the problem: â€Å"I shall return again†¦Ã¢â‚¬  So in ‘I shall return' he uses the idea of returning to his homeland as a solution to his problem. THE TROPICS OF NEW YORK The title ‘The tropics of New York' suggests McKay evolving New York and turning it into his homeland. It could be said that he was missing home so much that he was starting to see visions of his homeland in New York. The title can also suggest Mckay getting used to the Yankees style of life and him finding positive aspects of their culture. He uses repetition and makes the rhythm comparable to that of an excited child at Christmas: â€Å"Bananas ripe and green and ginger-roots†¦and pears†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He uses this technique to illustrate the joy he had when he saw these fruits and vegetables. The excitement of the tone is only because the fruit reminds him of his homeland which just goes to show of how much he misses the place. In The Tropics of New York, he uses religious vocabulary to describe the landscape of his homeland: â€Å"†¦mystical blue skies. In benediction over nun-like hill†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He gives the landscape a significance, which suggests that he adores it. It also adds a sense of silence and peace to the landscape. He uses alliteration to describe his memories of his memories: â€Å"†¦of fruit trees laden by low †¦Ã¢â‚¬ , â€Å"†¦and dewy dawn†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This helps slow the pace down to help him emphasis the beauty of his homeland. It also adds a gentle sound and some resonance, which helps to produce a visual image of calm beauty. As these were memories, the qualities could not have been present in New York. He evolves senses in order to separate the three stanzas. In the first stanza, he uses the sense of taste and tells of the food he saw. He uses sight in the second stanza to describe what he was seeing and the sense of feeling in the third in order to show his emotions. This allows the reader to picture New York from different points of view. It also helps to convey his emotions in a way that the reader could relate to. He uses archaic syntax in the beginning of the third stanza to describe his emotions after seeing these fruits: â€Å"†¦I could no more gaze†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This helps to lead the calmness of the stanza. The calmness of the stanza can help evaluate how emotionally touched he was to see these fruits as he probably last saw them a long time ago. He uses a metaphor to describe how he misses his old homeland: â€Å"†¦hungry for the old familiar ways†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The metaphor signals a change from physical longing to emotional and spiritual longing. It shows of how desperate he is to go back to his country. Mckay uses a regular rhythm scheme (a/b/a/b). This helps to contain the emotion. The structure of the poem mirrors the process of seeing the fruit and wanting to eat it, whilst visualising the country it comes from to the spiritual way of life in that place. In conclusion, I found out that Mckay uses both poems to illustrate his feelings towards both places uses techniques such as alliteration, narrative voice, metaphors, vocabulary, structure of the poems etc. His overall feeling is that he misses home and has a great desire to return. He feels living in New York is very painful and he does not seem to want to get use to the its lifestyle: â€Å"†¦hungry for the old familiar ways†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 

Fear And Anxiety During Labour And Birth Essay - 1541 Words

Providing continuous physical and emotional support during labour can reducing maternal fear, stress, and anxiety and protect physiological birth (Steen, 2012). Research shows that fear and anxiety during labour and birth can be detrimental to physiological birth. An environment that women feel unsafe in may stimulate a surge of neuro-hormones that can influence both fetal and maternal physiology, causing irregularity of contractions, fetal distress and subsequent medical inteverntions (Fahy Parratt, 2006). Conversly, maintaining an environment where women feel safe, protected and supported can facilitate favourable physiological performance (Fahy Parratt, 2006). Midwives can do this by giving women one-on-one continuous support and placing her at the centre of care throughout childbirth (Steen, 2012). As observed in practice, by constantly reassuring the woman about her progress, her baby’s health and addressing any of her concerns, the midwife can provide a calm and relaxi ng environment that is conducive to the labouring woman (Buckley, 2015; Steen, 2012). The midwife worked with the woman, encouraging her throughout labour and birth by telling her that she was doing extremely well. The midwife also breathed in-tune with the woman while giving her a back massage, inducing a sense of comfort. The atmosphere was calm and this contributed to the woman garnering confidence in her ability to avoid medical pain relief. Downe (2008) noted that the positive impact ofShow MoreRelatedThe Use Of Pethidine As A Pharmaceutical Method For Pain Relief Essay1516 Words   |  7 Pagesdepression and urine retention, known as side effects. A study by Sosa et al as cited in Goodson and Martis (2014, p. 24) found that women who received pethidine had adverse effects when they did a randomised controlled trial (RCT) focusing on length of labour on 407 women in Uruguay in 2004. The women who had nausea, vomiting, especially dizziness, and their newborns at 1 minute old h ad a higher Apgar score of less than 7. Moreover, anti-emetic has to be administered with pethidine as per NICE (NationalRead MoreTeen Pregnancy Effects On The Family, Parents And Child1204 Words   |  5 Pagesthe proper steps are taken and education is given to the patient, the teen mom is given opportunities to prosper in her new role as a mother. Prenatal classes are especially helpful in assisting the mother in gaining vital knowledge of pregnancy, labour and delivery as well as infant care. Education on kangaroo care can help the mother and baby bond and resources for the young parents to reach out to once they are out of hospital are especially important in the young parent’s ability to succeedRead MoreThe Impact Of Childbirth Education On Maternal Perception Of Birth Outcomes873 Words   |  4 PagesImpact of Childbirth Education on Maternal Perception of Birth Outcomes Amanda Steele Des Moines University Impact of Childbirth Education on Maternal Perception of Birth Outcomes In the United States, there are approximately 3.9 million women giving birth within a year (DCD, 2015). Improving maternity and birth outcomes has long been a pivotal part of public health. Health providers continue to work towards improved birth outcomes through enhanced processes, improved patient careRead MorePain Management During Labor And Delivery1528 Words   |  7 PagesPain Management During Labor Childbirth can be described as one of the most rewarding and also painful experiences in a woman’s life. Most women choose some type of method to ease pain, however, there has been a lot of controversy over with pain management method is the most effective. According to the CDC (Center for Disease Control), In 2013, there were 3,932,181 births recorded in the United States, 32.7% of those births were surgical procedures. In 2012, 1.36% of recorded births occurred out-of-hospitalRead MoreBenefits Of Pain Management For A Womans Life1556 Words   |  7 Pagesthere were 3,932,181 births recorded in the United States, 32.7% of those births were surgical procedures. In 2012, 1.36% of recorded births occurred out-of-hospital, meaning these births took place mostly in homes or birthing centers [F. MacDorman, M., Matthews, T., Declercq, E. (2014, March 4)]. Without the option of medicine that hospitals provide, how were these women able to manage their pain during labor and delivery ? There are many different methods for easing pain during childbirth, some methodsRead MoreMidwifery Case Study1790 Words   |  8 PagesMIDW113 – Jodie Sparke S00163149_assess2 b). Postnatal case study – Gina is a 34 year old G2 P2 woman, day 2 post caesarean section. You enter her room to find her teary and upset; she tells you she had planned on having a natural birth in a midwifery led model of care. However, she experienced an emergency caesarean section after her baby showed signs of fetal distress. Describe and discuss the role and responsibilities of the midwife in providing pre and post-operative care to a woman in Gina’sRead MoreFrankenstein, By Mary Shelley1292 Words   |  6 Pagesaltered into a monster because of the absence of a motherhood role in his life. The transformation that makes the creature a â€Å"monster† is how Shelley aims to point out the significance of the female role. Frankenstein acts as an analysis of the fears and anxieties of the nineteenth-century woman, which focuses on the misogynist ideals of social structures that give the male sex influence and power. Shelley uses the novel to alert society about the dangers of a maternally absent life, a life that opposesRead MoreA Bethlehem Experience : Joseph And Mary1025 Words   |  5 Pages A Bethlehem Experience Joseph and Mary did not know they were going to be in the Bible. Shirley and I did not expect to walk in their shoes as we anticipated the birth of our first child. During my first year in theological training, we were able to find lodging with a senior gentleman who lived within walking distance of the College. We had an upstairs bedroom of our own and a respectful use of the house with due care givenRead MorePromoting and Facilitating Informed Choice2866 Words   |  12 PagesPromoting and facilitating informed choice. Women who face care decision dilemmas. This essay will explore the care received by a woman during her pregnancy, with particular reference to the application of Lesley Page’s (2000) five steps (Appendix I). In accordance with the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC), 2004 guidelines on confidentiality, the woman’s name has been changed. [pic] Finding out what is important to the woman and her family. As Page (2000) states, in providing woman centredRead MoreTaking a Look at Epidural Analgesia2814 Words   |  11 PagesEpidural analgesia is considered the most effective pain relief method during labour (Tamagawa Weaver, 2012). It consists of the introduction of a local anaesthetic into the epidural space using a needle through the lumbar intervertebral space, usually between lumbar vertebrae 3 and 4 or 2 and 3 (Peate Hamilton, 2014). The anaesthetic inhibits nerve conduction by blocking sodium channels in nerve membranes, which in turn prevents the transmission of nerve impulses along these fibres. Therefore